Our investigations have ranged from laboratory bioassays, to single site assessments, to landscape scale surveys. We have a HEPA-Filtered Environmental Chamber for testing for the hazards, if any, posed by bioengineered and exotic microbial pesticides to honey bee colonies, implosion chambers for bioassaying the effects of powdered materials (pesticides, volcanic ash), and several systems for measuring the responses of individual bees to a variety of substances (contact toxicity, odor perception, etc.). These include a computer-controlled proboscis extension response system (PER) for determining what substances bees can smell and at what levels, and a computer-controlled electroantennalgram (EAG) system that can be linked to a Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) for investigating the chemical components of odorants that induce a response in the antenna of a bee.